Consider, for example, the case of memory consolidation during sleep: according to the two-stage memory model (McClelland et al., 1995 Stickgold and Walker, 2005 Born and Wilhelm, 2012), the process of memory consolidation generates memory fragments to extract pertinent information when an individual is asleep. The self-organization theory of dreaming posits that memory consolidation, emotion regulation, and reception of external stimuli can contribute to dream content (Zhang, 2016) hence, dream content can contain important information about the dreamer. Empirical evidence has supported some of these assertions.
What are the Materials of a Dream? According to Freud (1900), sources of dreams include stimuli from the external world, subjective experiences, organic stimuli within the body, and mental activities during sleep (p. In this article, we refer to the self-organization theory of dreaming and seek to elucidate its meaning for dream interpretation. His theory of dreams mainly refers to two key points: (a) what are the materials of a dream? and (b) how do these materials work together? The answers to these questions are closely related to an understanding of dream interpretation. By contrast, Freud regarded dreams as a royal road to the unconscious dream interpretation has thus been an important psychoanalytic technique. This theory also implies that dreams are not independently functional but rather a coproduct of the sleeping brain, reflecting the dreamer's physiological and psychological activities such as memory consolidation, emotion regulation, and reception of external stimuli (Zhang, 2016). The self-organization theory of dreaming proposes that the sleeping brain is a self-organizing system that can combine discontinuous and incongruous neuronal signals (i.e., different elements of dreams) into a relatively continuous narrative during sleep (Kahn and Hobson, 1993 Kahn et al., 2000, 2002).
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